Chicago Style Bibliography

Click here for formatting conventions.
Click here for note guidelines.

To cite a source from a subscription database:
When citing online sources always check the information to see the form in which the document originally existed (e.g. book, magazine, article in an anthology, Congressional record, speech, encyclopedia).

• Cite the information FIRST as originally published.
• Then cite the ACCESS information—how you obtained the information online (did you go
  directly to the site or use a subscription database?) The path to finding the information should be very clear.

General Bibliography Format:

• Print your last name and page number in the top right hand corner of the page
• Center "Bibliography" at the top of the page (don't put it in quotation marks, use bold, underline it, or use a different font. Do not use "Works Cited".)
• List entries in alphabetical order- do not number them.
• If an author is unknown, use the title to alphabetize. Be sure to ignore the words “The” “A” and “An” if the title begins with these words. Ex: “The Sinking of the Titanic”, if it has no author, should be alphabetized under “Sinking”.
• Keep capitalization consistent. Capitalize each word in a title, even if the title in the original article is not capitalized.
• Double space between sources, single space within each entry
• Indent the second and all succeeding lines for each entry
• Use "n.p." to indicate "no place" when there is no location given for the publisher.

top

• Author’s last name, first name, followed by a period
• Title of the book, italicized or underlined, followed by a period
• City of publication, followed by a colon
• Name of the publisher, followed by a comma
• Date of publication, followed by a period.

example:
Waterman, Jonathan. Arctic Crossing: A Journey Through the Northwest
     Passage and Inuit Culture. New York: Alfred A Knopf, 2001.

• Author’s last name, first name, followed by a period
• Title of the book, italicized or underlined, followed by a period
• City of publication, followed by a colon
• Name of the publisher, followed by a comma
• Date of publication, followed by a period
• Write: Available from: and the title of the site, followed by a comma
• Host <URL>
• Date accessed followed by a period

example:
Honey, Maureen. Bitter Fruit: African American Women in World War II. Columbia, MO:      University of Missouri Press, 1999. Available from: Peninsula Library System NetLibrary,      <http://ezproxy.plsinfo.org:2136> (accessed 22 March 2005).
top

Use the same format as with a single author, but begin with the name of the first author listed on the title page, last name then first, then list the names of the other authors in normal order. Use "'and" rather than "&" between the authors.

• Author’s last name, first name, followed by the remaining author(s), followed by a a period
• Title of the book, italicized or underlined, followed by a period
• City of publication, followed by a colon
• Name of the publisher, followed by a comma
• Date of publication, followed by a period.

example:
Bradley, James, Ron Powers, and Susan Spark. Flags of Our Fathers.
      New York: Bantam Books, 2002.

Encyclopedias are generally cited in notes rather than in a bibliography. Citations for well-known encyclopedias such as World Book or Britannica do not require publication information, but any edition after the first should be indicated. Citation for a lesser known encycopedia should include publication information before the s.v.

• Title of encyclopedia in italics, followed by a period and a space
• Edition if known, abbreviated, followed by a period and a space
• The letters s.v. (meaning "under the word") followed by a space
• The heading for the encyclopedic entry, followed by a period and within quotation marks.

examples:
World Book Encyclopedia. 2003 ed. s.v. "Industrial Revolution."

Encyclopedia of Modern Asia. Ed. David Levinson, Karen Christenson (New York: Charles
     Scribner's Sons, 2002). s.v. "Indo-China War."

Encyclopedias are generally cited in notes rather than in a bibliography. Citations for well-known encyclopedias such as World Book or Britannica do not require publication information, but any edition after the first should be indicated. Citation for a lesser known encycopedia should include publication information before the s.v. If the encyclopedia is available through a subscription, include the url of the organization providing access. If the encyclopedia is freely available on the Internet, include the url of the encyclopedia itself.

• Title of encyclpedia in italics, followed by a period and a space
• Edition if known, abbreviated, followed by a period and a space
• The letters s.v. (meaning "under the word") followed by a space
• The heading for the encyclopedic entry, followed by a period and within quotation marks
• The words Available from followed by a colon
• If a paid subscription, provide the name of the sponsoring organization (abbreviate Library as Lib.)
• URL of sponsoring organization, or of free online encyclopedia, within brackets, followed by a space
• Access date within parentheses, followed by a period.

examples:
Encyclopedia Britannica Online. s.v. "John Lennon." Available from: Menlo School Lib.
     <http://library.menloschool.org> (accessed 8 December 2005).

Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed.. s.v. "Beatles, The." Available from Bartleby      <http://www.bartleby.com> (accessed 8 December 2005).

Citation of films follows the style used for books, with the addition of medium type. A portion of a video is cited as a chapter of a book, using chapter numbers that are provided if the medium is DVD, or a description if the medium is VHS. Additional material that is included on a DVD is cited as a chapter.

• Note number followed by a period and a space
• Author's last name, first name (if known), followed by a period and a space
• Title of film, in italics, followed by a comma and a space
• Medium type, followed by a period and a space
• Directed by followed by director's first name last name, followed by a period and a space
• Original publication year if this is a reissue, followed by a comma and a space
• City of publication, followed by a colon and a space
• Name of studio or production company followed by a comma and a space
• Year of publication, followed by a period.

example (entire movie):
Plan 9 From Outer Space, DVD. Directed by Edward D. Wood, Jr. 1959, Chatsworth, CA: Image
     Entertainment, 2000.

example (portion of a movie):
"Escape from Atlanta." Gone With the Wind, DVD. Directed by David O. Selznick. 1939,      Burbank, CA: Time Warner, 1999.

• Author’s last name, first name, followed by a period
• Title of the article/chapter, in quotation marks, followed by a period
• "In" followed by the title of the book (italicized), followed by a comma
• If there is an editor, put edited by [author’s name], followed by a period
• City of publication, colon, name of the publisher, followed by a comma
• Publication date, followed by a comma
• Page numbers of article, followed by a period

example:
Huxley, Thomas H. “The Darwinian Hypothesis.” In Galileo’s Commandment: Great Science      Writing, edited by Edmund Blair Bolles. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1997, 257-266.

example:
“Buddhism”. In Religions of the World, edited by J. Gordon Melton and Martin Baumann.
      Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2002, 179-198.

top

• Author's last name, first name, followed by a period
• Title of article, in quotation marks, followed by a period
• Name of periodical, (italicized) followed by a space
• Volume number (if available) in arabic numerals, followed by a comma
• Date published in parentheses, followed by a colon
• Pages used, followed by a period.

example (magazine with volume number):
Gorman, Christina. "The Avian Flu: How Scared Should We Be?" Time 166, no. 16,
     (17 October 2005): 30 - 34.

example (newspaper)
Begley, Sharon. "One More Reason to Play Harmonica: It's Good for the Pipes." Wall Street Journal (19 October 2006): A1.

• Author's last name, first name
• Title of article, in quotation marks, followed by a period
• Name of periodical, (italicized)
• Volume number (if available) in arabic numerals, followed by a comma
• Date published in parentheses, followed by a colon
• Pages the article begins and ends, followed by a period.
• Available from: followed by the website's sponsoring organization
• URL of article or sponsoring organization, in angle brackets
• Date of access, in parentheses

example:
Martin, Glen. “Shasta Lake: Tribe Sees Dam Plan as Cultural Genocide, Raising Lake Level      Would Drown Sites Sacred to the Winnemem Wintu.” San Francisco Chronicle
     (27 February 2005): A-17. Available from: SFGate <http://sfgate.com>
     (accessed 16 October 2005).

• Author's last name, first name, followed by a period and a space
• Title of speech followed by a period, in quotation marks
• Type of speech (lecture, keynote address, etc) followed by a comma and a space
• Circumstances of speech (annual meeting, board presentation, govenment proceedings, etc) followed by a comma and a space
• Location of speech, including institution if available, followed by a comma and a space
• Date speech was presented followed by a period.

example:
Schafer, John. "2025." Lecture, Menlo School, Atherton, CA, 3 December 2005.

• Author’s last name, first name, followed by a period
• Title of website in quotation marks, followed by a space
• Website creation date in parenthses followed by a period and a space
• The words Available from: followed by the website's sponsoring organization (if this is a personal website do not include a sponsoring organization)
• URL in angle brackets followed by a space
• Date of access in parentheses followed by a period.

examples:
Landis, Barbara. "Carlisle Indian Industrial School History" (1996). Available from:
     <http://home.epix.net/~landis.histry.html> (accessed 21 October 2005).

Salda, Michael. "The Cinderella Project" (2005). Available from: University of Southern      Mississippi <http://www.usm.edu/english/fairytales/cinderella/cinderella.html>
     (accessed 19 October 2006).

Cite the organization who sponsors it, or if that information is not available, use the title of the site.

• Title of web page in quotation marks, followed by a space
• Website creation date in parentheses followed by a period
• Available from: followed by the website's sponsoring organization
• URL in angle brackets
• Date of access in parentheses followed by a period.

example:
“John Roberts on Abortion” (2005). Available from: On The Issues
     <http://www.issues2000.org/Court/John_Roberts_Abortion.htm>
     (accessed 16 October 2005).

• Photographer's name, if available, or author's name if available, followed by a period.
• Title of photo, if available. If no title, describe briefly. Follow with a period.
• The word "image" in parentheses (no quotation marks) followed by a period
• Title of article or book, italicized or underlined.
• City of publication, followed by a colon
• Name of publisher, followed by a comma
• Date of publication, followed by a comma
• Page number of image, followed by a period.

example (known author or agency):
New China News Agency. "Japanese Tanks" (image). The Rape of Nanking. New York: Penguin,      1997, 146.

example (author unknown):
Angiogram of the Head (image). Encyclopedia of the Human Body. New York: DK Publishing,      2002, 88.

Very important! If you are citing an image found in Google Images or any other image retrieval service, be certain to cite the image in its original context. Do not provide the URL of the enlarged image - you must use the URL of the page where the image was originally shown.

• Photographer's name, if available, or author's name if available, followed by a period.
• Title of photo, if available. If no title, describe briefly. Follow with a period.
• The word "image" in parentheses (no quotation marks) followed by a period
• Title of article or web page, italicized or underlined.
• URL in angle brackets
• Date of access.

example (known author or agency):
Lange, Dorothea. "Destitute Pea Pickers in California. Mother of Seven Thildren. Age Thirty-two.      Nipomo, California" (image). Available from: Library of Congress Prints & Photographs      Online Catalog <http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/catalog.html> (accessed 23 May 2005).

example (author unknown):
Two Women (image). Nigeria. Available from: IDFC      <http://www.ifdc.org/Programs_Projects/Economics_PolicyReform_MarketDev/nigeria.html>
     (accessed 20 May 2005).

• Author’s last name comma first, followed by a period
• Title of the document, in quotation marks (Begin with this if author’s name is not known)
• The title of the newspaper in italics or underlined
• The date, month and year of the article
• If available, the edition of the article appeared (first edition, late edition, etc.)
• The name of the database: New York Times Historical Collection
• Menlo School library’s web address in angle brackets <http://library.menloschool.org>
• Date of access in parentheses

example:
McGowen, Roscoe. “No Cut in Salary for Bomber Star.” New York Times. 6 January 1951, 24.
     Available from: New York Times Historical Collection, Menlo School Lib.      <http://library.menloschool.org> (accessed 4 August 2003).
top

• Author’s last name comma first, followed by a period
• Title of the document, in quotation marks
• The title of the newspaper in italics or underlined
• The date, month and year of the article
• If available, the edition of the article appeared (first edition, late edition, etc.)
• The name of the Service Provider (Lexis-Nexis)
• The name of the particular database (e.g. News, Legal Research, Legislation, Statistics)
• The name of the library that provides the service (Menlo School Lib.)
• The url of the library in angle brackets <http://library.menloschool.org>
• The date of access in parentheses

example:
Thomas, George. “Strange Events.” Dallas Morning News. 4 September 1940. 22. late ed.      Available from: Lexis-Nexis, News, Menlo School Lib. <http:library.menloschool.org>      (accessed 2 January 2004).

• Author’s last name comma first, followed by a period
• Title of the document, in quotation marks
• The title of the newspaper or journal in italics or underlined
• The volume number, if applicable
• The date, month and year of the article
• The name of the service provider (Gale)
• The name of the particular database/collection (e.g. Student Resource Center-Gold, Biography Resource Center, History Resource Center: US, , History Resource Center: Modern World, Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center)
• The name of the library that provides the service (Menlo School Lib.)
• The url of the library in angle brackets <http://library.menloschool.org>
• The date of access in parentheses

example:
Lacy, George. “Fashion Trends.” Journal of Fashion. 5 September 1999. Available from: Gale,
     Student Resource Center-Gold, Menlo School Lib. <http://library.menloschool.org>
     (accessed 5 January 2004).
top

• Interviewee's last name, first name, followed by a period and a space
• Interview by followed by the interviewer's name. If it is an interview you conducted yourself you may use the words "interview by the author." Follow with a period and a space.
• Date of interview in European format followed by a period.
• If using the transcript of an interview, follow the date above with a period and a space, and include information about where the transcript can be found. If found online use the words "available from" and include the date you found the transcript.

examples:
Hanson, Charles, in discussion with the author. 18 October 2006.

Negroponte, John D. Interview by Robert Siegel. 1 September 2006. Available from Office of
      the Director of National Intelligence      <http://www.dni.gov/interviews/20060901_interview.pdf> (accessed 19 October 2006).

To cite a source that was originally published in one source that you viewed in a different source, cite the work in its original form, then add your own source information:

• Follow the format given for the original source (book, act, etc.)
• Add a period. Then continue with the words Available from or Quoted in, followed by a colon.
• Follow the format for the source you used.

Example of article in an anthology with an author and an editor obtained from Gale:
Katz, John. “Campus Speech Codes Violate Free Speech.” Censorship, edited by
     Tamara Roleff. N.p.: Greenhaven Press, 2000. Available from: Infotrac, Student
     Resource Center-Gold, Menlo School Lib. <http://library.menloschool.org>
     (accessed 10 January 2004).

Example of Congressional Act accessed from a website:
U.S. Congress. Senate Judiciary Committee. "Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act: Testimony
     of Douglas Johnson. 105th Congress, 1st sess. 11 March 1997." Available from:
     Concerned Women From America <http://www.cwfa.org/articledisplay>
     (accessed 4 October 2003).

Example of a print source quoted within another print source:
Green, Nathaniel. "I think we have...". In Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War      Series, W. W. Abbott, Philander D. Chase, and Dorothy Twohig, eds. (Chapel Hill: University      of North Carolina Press, 1998), VI, 222. Quoted in: David McCullough, 1776 (New York:      Simon & Schuster, 2005), 205.

top

These guidelines have been customized for Menlo School students by Maura Sincoff, Writing Center Director and Cathy Rettberg, Head Librarian.